A career in MLS
Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLS) play an important, often unrecognised role in disease diagnosis and monitoring of patient treatment. They are responsible for the testing of most samples sent to the diagnostic laboratory by medical practitioners. Laboratory results produced by MLS are used by medical staff in the diagnosis of disorders in 70-80% of all patient cases. This is why a four year university degree is required before you can practise as a MLS in New Zealand.
MLS develop, adapt and apply scientific method to the sample analysis process ensuring high standards of laboratory quality assurance and public confidence in the laboratory results. MLS are employed mainly in hospital and community pathology laboratories, medical research and animal health laboratories. Other career options include forensic science, the laboratory supply business, teaching and research in the sciences.
Within the profession of MLS there are a number of sub-specialties which are referred to as disciplines;
Clinical Biochemistry
Analysis of the chemical constituents of the blood, urine, faeces and tissues. Most testing utilises sophisticated laboratory instrumentation interfaced to a laboratory information system. Diseases such as diabetes, renal failure, heart disease and hepatitis are some of the conditions investigated by clinical biochemists. Clinical Immunology
The study of the immune system and associated diseases. Clinical immunologists study the body's response to disease often through the measurement of antibody production. This approach allows the diagnosis of diseases including HIV infection, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies and a range of autoimmune diseases. Cytogenetics
The study of the genetic basis of disease. Cytogeneticists work with chromosomes and provide information about congenital diseases such as Turner's and Down's syndromes. They also provide important information about changes to the chromosomes in disease, such as leukaemia. HaematologyThe study of the cells of the blood, the bone marrow and the clotting proteins present in blood. Haematologists investigate the blood of patients for diseases such as anaemia, disorders of the haemoglobin molecule, cancer, bleeding and thrombosis. |
Histopathology/Histology
Is the preparation, processing and staining of tissues obtained during surgery, biopsy or necropsy. Histologists prepare sections of tissue that are examined by pathologists in the investigation of tissue disease eg. cancer. Medical Cytology
Is the study of cell preparations collected from the lungs, lymph nodes, genital tract etc. for the presence of cancer cells. Evaluation of the 'Pap' smear for the detection of cervical cancer is an important role of the cytologist. Medical Microbiology
The culture of bacteria and fungi that cause human disease. Microbiologists provide information about the susceptibility of these agents to antibiotics used during treatment of infections. Microbiologists use microscopy to examine samples for human parasites in a variety of clinical samples such as faeces and blood. Transfusion ScienceIs the science of blood and blood-product transfusion. Transfusion scientists prepare blood products from donor blood used to treat bleeding, and to correct blood component deficiencies in pateints. Transfusion scientists investigate donated blood for infectious agents and perform crossmatching to ensure safe blood transfusions and graft survival of tissue transplants. |